Pronunciation

Consonants

b
like 'b' in "bed"

bh
like 'b' in "bed", only in Sanskrit borrowings

c (ch, tj)
like 'ch' in "China"

d
like 'd' in "dog"

dh
like 'd' in "dog", only in Sanskrit borrowings

f
like 'ph' in "phone"

g
like 'g' in "go"

h
like 'h' in "help"

j (dj)
like 'dg' in "edge"

k
like 'c' in "cat", often silent at the end of a word

kh (ch)
like 'ch' in "loch"

l
like 'l' in "love"

m
like 'm' in "mother"

n
like 'n' in "nice"

ng
like 'ng' in "sing"

ny
like 'ny' in "canyon"

p
like 'p' in "pig"

q
like 'q' in "quest" (with "u", almost always, only in Arabic borrowings)

r
like 'rr' in Spanish "perro"

s
like 'ss' in "hiss"

sy (sj)
like 'sh' in "sheep"

t
like 't' in "top"

v
like 'ph' in "phone"

w
like 'w' in "weight"

x
like 'cks' in "kicks"

y (j)
like 'y' in "yes"

z
like 's' in "hiss", like 'z' in "haze", like 'dg' in "edge"